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Yumsharol: Belief And Cultural Identity In Meetei Indigenous Architecture

Authors
Dr. H. Budhichandra Singh & Dr. H. Suraj Singh
Date of Publication: June, 2026
Volume: XXVI, No.- XXIX
DOI:10.65734/tgi.ssei.avp.ijcsss.ti.26.29.3
Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between traditional belief systems and indigenous architecture among the Meetei community of Manipur through the study of Yumsharol, the traditional practice of house construction. For the Meeteis, a house has never been understood merely as a physical shelter. It is closely tied to religion, memory, social ethics, and everyday ritual life. Drawing upon Puyas, oral traditions, and earlier studies, the paper examines how different sections of the Meetei house are associated with deities, sacred directions, and ritual obligations. The household itself functions almost like a living temple where Sanamahi, Leimarel Sidabi, Emoinu Ahongbi, and ancestral spirits continue to shape domestic space and conduct.

The study also considers the historical transformations that followed the spread of Vaishnavism during the reigns of Charairongba, Garibniwaz, and Bhagyachandra. Although processes such as Sanskritization and the burning of the Puyas altered many public aspects of Meetei culture, indigenous beliefs
continued to survive within the domestic sphere. In many ways, the inner space of the house remained one of the last enduring spaces where older traditions were quietly preserved. Rather than treating architecture simply as material structure, this paper approaches Yumsharol as a living cultural system through which knowledge, values, and identity are transmitted from one generation to another. Even today, traditional Meetei houses continue to carry traces of an older worldview where architecture, spirituality, ecology, and social life remain deeply interconnected.

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